Hiking And Backpacking With Black Bears In GSMNP

Black bear fur is usually a uniform color except for a brown muzzle and light markings that sometimes appear on their chests. Eastern populations are usually black in color while western populations often show brown, cinnamon, and blond coloration in addition to black. Black bears with white-bluish fur are known as Kermode (glacier) bears and these unique color phases are only found in coastal British Columbia, Canada.

Diet
American black bears are omnivorous: plants, fruits, nuts, insects, honey, salmon, small mammals and carrion. In northern regions, they eat spawning salmon.
Black bears will also occasionally kill young deer or moose calves.

Population
It is estimated that there are at least 600,000 black bears in North America. In the United States, there are estimated to be over 300,000 individuals. However, the Louisiana black bear (Ursus americanus luteolu) and Florida black bear (Ursus americanus floridanus) are threatened subspecies with small populations (see Legal Status/Protection).

Range
The American black bear is distributed throughout North America, from Canada to Mexico and in at least 40 states in the U.S. They historically occupied nearly all of the forested regions of North America, but in the U.S. they are now restricted to the forested areas less densely occupied by humans. In Canada, black bears still inhabit most of their historic range except for the intensively farmed areas of the central plains. In Mexico, black bears were thought to have inhabited the mountainous regions of the northern states but are now limited to a few remnant populations.

Behavior
Black bears are extremely adaptable and show a great variation in habitat types, though they are primarily found in forested areas with thick ground vegetation and an abundance of fruits, nuts, and vegetation. In the northern areas, they can be found in the tundra, and they will sometimes forage in fields or meadows.

Black bears tend to be solitary animals, with the exception of mothers and cubs. The bears usually forage alone, but will tolerate each other and forage in groups if there is an abundance of food in one area.

Most black bears hibernate depending on local weather conditions and availability of food during the winter months. In regions where there is a consistent food supply and warmer weather throughout the winter, bears may not hibernate at all or do so for a very brief time. Females give birth and usually remain denned throughout the winter, but males and females without young may leave their dens from time to time during winter months.

Reproduction
Mating Season: Summer.
Gestation: 63-70 days.
Litter Size: 1-6 cubs; 2 cubs are most common.
Cubs remain with the mother for a year and a half or more, even though they are weaned at 6-8 months of age. Females only reproduce every second year (or more). Should the young die for some reason, the female may reproduce again after only one year.

Height: 2-3 feet (.6-.9m) at shoulders
Length: 4-7 feet (1.2-2m) from nose to tip of tail
Weight: Males weigh an average of 150-300 lbs (68-158 kg), females are smaller. Exceptionally large males have been known to weigh 500-600 lbs .
Lifespan: Average lifespan is around ten years, though black bears can live upward of 30 years in the wild.

Should you encounter a black bear
Stay calm - DO NOT RUN (running may elicit a chase response by the bear).

Pick up children so they don't run or scream; restrain dog; avoid eye contact and talk in soothing voice.

If the bear stands up, he is NOT going to attack but is curious and wants a better sniff or view.

Back away slowly; if bear chomps jaw, lunges, or slaps ground or brush with paw, he feels threatened.

Slowly retreat from area or make wide detour around bear; don't crowd or block bear's escape route.

Note: Bear attacks on humans are extremely rare. A person is 180 times more likely to be killed by a bee and 160,000 times more likely to die in a car accident. Most injuries from black bears occur when people try to feed, pet, or crowd them. Bears will nip or cuff bad-mannered humans, as they will bad-mannered bears.  They are very strong and powerful animals; bears should always be treated with caution and respect.

 

Forest Service Closes Shining Rock and Graveyard Fields To Camping

The Smoky Mountain Hiking Blog: Forest Service Closes Shining Rock and Graveyard Fields To Camping :

The U.S. Forest Service announced yesterday that it is closing the Shining Rock Wilderness and Graveyard Fields areas to overnight camping due to ongoing bear encounters with humans.

The areas will be closed to dispersed camping until further notice. The agency will monitor conditions to determine when it is safe to reopen the areas.

On Monday night, a bear damaged a tent and food bag. Two people were in the tent at the time of the encounter, but no injuries were sustained. The encounter is the latest in a series of bear encounters in recent weeks.

Questions regarding the camping closure can be directed to the Pisgah Ranger District, 828-877-3265.


Jeff
Hiking in the Smokies

Black Bear Information You Might Need To Know

Black bear fur is usually a uniform color except for a brown muzzle and light markings that sometimes appear on their chests. Eastern populations are usually black in color while western populations often show brown, cinnamon, and blond coloration in addition to black. Black bears with white-bluish fur are known as Kermode (glacier) bears and these unique color phases are only found in coastal British Columbia, Canada.

Diet
American black bears are omnivorous: plants, fruits, nuts, insects, honey, salmon, small mammals and carrion. In northern regions, they eat spawning salmon.
Black bears will also occasionally kill young deer or moose calves.

What's for Lunch ?  A Hiker ? ....Lol

Population
It is estimated that there are at least 600,000 black bears in North America. In the United States, there are estimated to be over 300,000 individuals. However, the Louisiana black bear (Ursus americanus luteolu) and Florida black bear (Ursus americanus floridanus) are threatened subspecies with small populations (see Legal Status/Protection).

Range
The American black bear is distributed throughout North America, from Canada to Mexico and in at least 40 states in the U.S. They historically occupied nearly all of the forested regions of North America, but in the U.S. they are now restricted to the forested areas less densely occupied by humans. In Canada, black bears still inhabit most of their historic range except for the intensively farmed areas of the central plains. In Mexico, black bears were thought to have inhabited the mountainous regions of the northern states but are now limited to a few remnant populations.

Behavior
Black bears are extremely adaptable and show a great variation in habitat types, though they are primarily found in forested areas with thick ground vegetation and an abundance of fruits, nuts, and vegetation. In the northern areas, they can be found in the tundra, and they will sometimes forage in fields or meadows.

Black bears tend to be solitary animals, with the exception of mothers and cubs. The bears usually forage alone, but will tolerate each other and forage in groups if there is an abundance of food in one area.

Most black bears hibernate depending on local weather conditions and availability of food during the winter months. In regions where there is a consistent food supply and warmer weather throughout the winter, bears may not hibernate at all or do so for a very brief time. Females give birth and usually remain denned throughout the winter, but males and females without young may leave their dens from time to time during winter months.

Reproduction
Mating Season: Summer.
Gestation: 63-70 days.
Litter Size: 1-6 cubs; 2 cubs are most common.
Cubs remain with the mother for a year and a half or more, even though they are weaned at 6-8 months of age. Females only reproduce every second year (or more). Should the young die for some reason, the female may reproduce again after only one year.

Height: 2-3 feet (.6-.9m) at shoulders
Length: 4-7 feet (1.2-2m) from nose to tip of tail
Weight: Males weigh an average of 150-300 lbs (68-158 kg), females are smaller. Exceptionally large males have been known to weigh 500-600 lbs .
Lifespan: Average lifespan is around ten years, though black bears can live upward of 30 years in the wild.

 

Myth Busted: Women aren't more prone to bear attack

Ever since the night of August 13, 1967, when two women were attacked and killed by grizzly bears in two separate incidents in Glacier National Park (which was later chronicled in Night of the Grizzlies), a myth has persisted that women may be more prone to bear attacks as a result of odors associated with menstruation.

However, according to a paper recently published by the National Park Service, "there is no statistical evidence that known bear attacks have been related to menstruation".

The report pointed towards evidence from previous studies:

* Stephen Herrero (1985) analyzed the circumstances of hundreds of grizzly bear attacks on humans, including the attacks on the two women in Glacier, and concluded that there was no evidence linking menstruation to any of the attacks. The responses of grizzly bears to menstrual odors has not been studied experimentally.

* Lynn Rogers et al. (1991) recorded the responses of 26 free-ranging black bears (Ursus americanus) to used tampons from 26 women and the responses of 20 free ranging black bears to four menstruating women at different days of their flow. Menstrual odors were essentially ignored by black bears of all sex and age classes. In an extensive review of black bear attacks across North America, no instances of black bears attacking or being attracted to menstruating women was found (Cramond 1981, Herrero 1985, Rogers et al. 1991).

The paper also mentions that between 1980 and 2011, 43 people have been injured by bears in Yellowstone National Park. 79% of those attacks occurred on men. Of the 9 incidents involving women, 6 were surprise encounters with bears while the women were hiking, and were therefore probably unrelated to menstruation.

The paper also notes that your risk of bear attack is highest while hiking in the backcountry. You can reduce the risks by:

1) hiking in groups of 3 or more people
2) staying alert
3) making noise in areas of poor visibility
4) carrying bear spray
5) not running during encounters with bears

Grotto Falls in the Smoky Mountains

Bear Population highest in the last 100-150 years

Bear populations have increased dramatically in the eastern United States in the last 20 years.  Tennessee’s bear population is no exception.  It is now probably higher than it has ever been in the last 100-150 years.  Most of Tennessee’s bear habitat exists on public lands in the Southern Appalachian Mountains.  As Tennessee’s human population increases, and more people move near public lands, bear interactions with humans will continue to increase. 

Every year the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (TWRA) receives hundreds of calls and complaints concerning black bears.  Most of the complaints are of bears raiding garbage containers, bird feeders, and pet food left outdoors.  Additionally, some people even intentionally feed bears.  As a result of the improper storage of garbage, easy availability of bird seed, and the direct feeding of bears, animals often become habituated to humans and become a nuisance and a threat to human safety.  Nationwide bear management experience has shown the life expectancy of “nuisance” bears may be less than half of that of “wild” bears that do not have repeated contact with humans.  Disappointingly, there are no other alternatives but to destroy bears that have become a threat to human safety.  Last year hundreds of agency man-hours were spent addressing bear-human conflicts as a result of people directly and indirectly feeding bears.  The fact that “Garbage Kills Bears” is irrefutable.  Remember, a fed bear is a dead bear.  As summer approaches and the likelihood of bear sightings increases, the TWRA encourages residents to educate themselves by being "bear aware."

Please help keep communities safe by preserving the “wild” nature of bears by following these few simple tips:

•Do not feed bears,
•Store garbage in bear-proof containers or in a manner that is inaccessible to bears,
•Do not feed birds between April and January when bears are most active or take feeders inside at night,
•Keep pet food indoors and feed pets in the house or garage,
•Do not add food to your compost piles,
•Keep cooking grills clean and stored indoors when not in use.When camping or picnicking, keep your site clean. Never leave food or coolers unattended. Never keep food in or near your tent. Store food in properly sealed containers, and whenever possible, store these containers in a vehicle. If camping in backcountry areas, hang packs or food bags at least ten feet off the ground and at least four feet from the trunk of a tree.

TWRA believes that bears and humans can coexist.  Often all that is required to prevent bear-human conflicts is to simply stop feeding bears, properly store garbage, remove bird feeders, and/or keep pet food indoors.   Disappointingly, some people are often reluctant to do the simplest of measures to keep our Tennessee bears “wild” and therefore safe.  Despite the fact that garbage kills bears, it is often difficult, if not impossible, to communicate this to the public. 

Until the public stops feeding bears and acknowledges the fact that garbage does indeed kill bears, then the TWRA along with other responsible wildlife agencies will have no choice but to euthanize bears that become a threat to humans. 

Bear Awareness In The GSMNP

Black bears in the Park are wild and their behavior is sometimes unpredictable. Although extremely rare, attacks on humans have occurred, inflicting serious injuries and death. Treat all bear encounters with extreme caution and follow these guidelines.

Encounters Along the Trail

Remain watchful. If you see a bear at a distance do not approach it. If your presence causes the bear to change its behavior (stops feeding, changes its travel direction, watches you, etc.) - YOU'RE TOO CLOSE.

Being too close may also promote aggressive behavior from the bear such as running toward you, making loud noises, or swatting the ground. The bear is demanding more space. Don't run but slowly back away watching the bear. Try to increase the distance between you and the bear. The bear will probably do the same.

If a bear persistently follows or approaches you, typically without vocalizing, or paw swatting, try changing your direction. If the bear continues to follow you, stand your ground. If the bear gets closer, begin talking loudly or shouting at it. Act aggressively and try to intimidate the bear.

Act together as a group if you have companions. Make yourselves look as large as possible (for example move to higher ground). Throw non-food objects such as rocks at the bear. Use a deterrent such as a stout stick if you have one. Don't run and don't turn away from the bear.

Don't leave food for the bear; this encourages further problems. Most injuries from black bear attacks are minor and result from a bear attempting to get at people's food. If the bear's behavior indicates that it is after your food and you're physically attacked, separate yourself from the food and slowly back away.
If the bear shows no interest in your food and you're physically attacked, fight back aggressively with any available object -- the bear may consider you as prey! Help protect others, report all bear incidents to a park ranger immediately! Above all, keep your distance from bears!

Encounters in Camp

The best way to avoid bears is to not attract them. Keep cooking and sleeping areas separate. Keep tents and sleeping bags free of food odors; do not store food, garbage or other attractants (i.e., toothpaste, soap, etc.) in them.

A clean camp is essential to reducing problems. Pack out all food and litter; don't bury it or try to burn anything. Proper food storage is required by regulation. Secure all food and other attractants at night or when not in use. Where food storage devices are present, use them. Otherwise: Place all odorous items in your pack.

Select two trees 10-20 feet apart with limbs 15 feet high. Using a rock as weight, toss a rope over a limb on the first tree and tie one end to the pack. Repeat this process with the second tree. Raise the pack about six feet via the first rope and tie it off. Then pull the second rope until the pack is up at least 10 feet high and evenly spaced; it must be four feet or more from the nearest limb.

Garbage Kills Bears!

Secure all food, toothpaste, soap and trash at night or when not in use

Do not cook or store food in or near your tent

Pack out ALL your trash, don't bury or burn anything

If a bear approaches you, frighten it by yelling, banging pans together, or throwing rocks

Information on Black Bears In GSMNP

Most Park visitors enjoy seeing a black bear, Ursus americanus, in the wild. It is smaller and less aggressive than its western cousin, the grizzly bear. The Smokies rugged, temperate environment provides excellent bear habitat. Only black bears live in the Park. About 600 bears roam the Park, and many consider Cades Cove their home. The Park has one of the country's highest bear densities.
 
Bear life spans average 12 years. A typical male weighs 300 pounds, while females average 230 pounds. Bears, like humans, are omnivores. Their food intake is 85% plant material. They obtain most of their protein from insects, but occasionally eat fish, fawns, or other small animals.
Most bears enter a deep sleep starting in late fall. Most Park bears prepare to den by mid-December. Cubs, usually two, are born in late January. They weigh 8 ounces when born. Bear sightings usually begin in early March, but weather conditions can delay this. Newborns and mothers remain denned until May. Cubs remain with their mothers for a year and a half.
Bears emerge from their prolonged sleep in March or early April (they do not hibernate). July starts the mating season. Young males often travel more than a 100 miles to find a mate. Fertilized eggs lie dormant until denning.
 
Once awake the search for food begins. Spring foods are scarce, so bears conserve their energy. Berries ripen in July and cherries in August. If the crop is good, these fruits provide ample food. Acorns provide a source of winter fat. Bears eat some high protein foods, including insects, fish, and higher animals. Though bears can run 30 miles per hour, they rarely run down prey. They prefer carrion, or easy prey such as fawns.

It is illegal to feed or harass any Park wildlife. Fines range up to $5,000 and 6 months in prison. Besides being illegal, human foods (and packaging) can kill a bear. They die from asphyxiation or digestive track blockages. A human-fed bear has a lifespan of only 8 years. Tamed bears lose their natural fear of people. Violent bears must be destroyed. Please, for their sake and yours, do not feed the bears.

 

Park bear management includes population monitoring efforts, and, when necessary, relocation. The Park moves aggressive bears deep into the backcountry. Hopefully, they revert to natural behaviors. If this does not happen, the Park moves the bear to less populated areas. Most of these relocation sites are open to hunting. Tame bears make easy targets.

Although there is no one best place to see bears in the Park, Cades Cove and the Roaring Fork Motor Nature Trail are among the best spots to look. Bears are most active early in the morning and late in the evening.

 

On the small chance of encountering an aggressive black bear the best action is make a lot of noise (a whistle works well), and slowly retreat. Only when between a mother and her cubs, or when dealing with a hungry, human-fed bear are they dangerous. Bears are excellent climbers, so climbing a tree is ineffective. Playing dead does not work either, since dead animals are part of the black bears' diet. However, few dangerous bear situations occur.

Hiking In Bear Country

When humans enter bear country, our status of being on the top of the food chain changes.  Bears are very cunning creatures who will go to great lengths to get to food.  Bears that live in areas that are impacted by humans pose a special problem.  Many people wonder what they should do when going into bear country.  The first thing is to relax.  Your odds of winning the lottery or getting struck by lightning are much higher then being mauled by a bear -- let alone killed.
It is a reality that every year hikers and campers are killed by bears.  If you study a little bear philosophy you can greatly reduce your chances of being a target.  So many bear encounters are caused by humans that simply did the wrong things.  It is the exception, not the rule that a human was simply in the wrong place at the wrong time.

As you move further north into bear country, especially states like Alaska, Montana, Minnesota, Michigan, and Maine as well as most of Canada, bears spend a large amount of their lives asleep or in a twilight sleep.  During their active period, which in some parts of the world can be as short as four-and-a-half months bears are eating machines.  They are on a mission to pack in as many calories as possible before the next winter.

The next thing that you need to learn in bear philosophy is that bears have an acute sense of smell.  They can smell one-thousand times better than humans.  Bears use this sense of smell to detect food.  When you combine the quest for food attitude of a bear, with their keen sense of smell, and then add humans into bear country with our perfumes and delicious food, one can quickly learn why bear encounters are so common.
In North America there are black bears and brown bears.  Black bears aren't always black, and brown bears aren't always brown.  Black bears can be brown, red, yellowish, and  honey in color.  Brown bears, or grizzly bears can be black in color.  Black bears have longer snouts then brown bears and are smaller, on average two-hundred to two-hundred-and fifty pounds, but can weigh over five-hundred pounds.  Brown bears have a distinctive hump on their shoulder and shorter noses.  They are much larger then black bears and weigh in around three-hundred-and-fifty to four-hundred pounds, but can weigh over one-thousand pounds.
Depending on your location and altitude, bears can be active from as early as late February through to November and December.  In most parts of the mountains where bears are common, such as Glacier NP, Yellowstone NP, and Yosemite NP, bears are typically active from mid-April to mid-November.  Bears in general do not have a more dangerous time then others when in the forest.
 For example in Yellowstone bears are dangerous from April through May as they are bulking up from the winter hibernation.  Then in June and July bears are dangerous because it is calving season and they are after easy prey.  August female bears will be roaming the woods with cubs and in September and October the bears are bulking up again for the long winter hibernation.  The bottom line is you must always be prepared.
If you are going to go hiking in bear country, there are a number of procedures that you should follow:
Tell a friend, co-worker, parent, neighbor or someone where you are going.  You should set a specific date and time that if you do not contact this person that they should contact a specific authority.  You should also make use of trail head registers if available.  If trail head registers are not available, you should register or notify the controlling authority of the area you are entering.
Check with the local park service or controlling authority on any reports of bear activity.  You should heed any specific warnings you are given.  If you spot bears or signs or recent bear activities like tracks or fresh droppings, you should report this to any other hikers you meet and the controlling authority.
Never hike alone in bear country.  In some places like the eastern part of Yellowstone NP it is required at least four people travel on certain trails that have very high bear activity.  Thousands of years of evolution has taught bears that humans are formidable opponents in a group and are more likely to avoid groups of humans then a lone traveler.
You should wear a pack when you enter into bear country.  Even if you are going in for a day hike.  In the event that a bear charges you the pack can save your life if you sacrifice it as a diversion for the bear.  A small, inexpensive daypack is more then adequate.
When hiking you should make a lot of noise to alert bears of your presence.  This is very important in dense vegetation or forest, where the trail turns, bends, or rises, around rivers, lakes and streams, or in thermal areas.  Bells, whistles, clapping or loud talking are all excellent ways to alert bears.  On windy days the bears acute sense of smell can work against them.  If you are coming upwind on a trail (the wind is blowing in your face) you should be especially careful of surprising a bear as you scent will be masked and your sound muffled by the wind.
Do not wear perfume or use scented products when hiking in bear country.  There are a number of unscented products on the market today including deodorant, shaving cream, sun tan lotion and insect repellant.  The flowery and sweet smells in perfume and common household products like deodorant can attract bears.  You will also cut down on the number of insects bothering you if you stay away from scented products.

Make sure any food you pack with you is stored in well sealed plastic bags and does not have a strong odor.  Most experts recommend double sealing your food stores, even on a day hike.  If you stop for a break make sure you pick up any food you may drop.  Not only does this follow Leave No Trace protocol, it discourages a wandering bear to find the rest of the food source.

Bear spray is optional and should only be carried for peace of mind.  When purchasing bear spray make sure the product you are buying is specifically for bears.  Typically these products will come in a twelve-ounce or larger can, have a shot gun style spray pattern with a range of 25 feet, and cost between $40 to $60 US.  Smaller products with a targeted spray designed for humans require the bear to be even closer and precise aim.  Keep in mind also that 25 feet is a very short distance and if will require nerves of steel and good weather conditions to accurately deploy the bear spray.

If you are hiking in an area where there are established trails, stay on them.  You increase your odds of encountering a bear the further away you move from human contact and deeper into bear country.  The combination of this plus backcountry terrain adds to the risk.  If you must leave the trail, for example to go to the bathroom, try to traverse a sparsely vegetated area and make noise.  Be especially alert and try to move down wind (wind to your back) so your scent and noise will carry further.  Remember, part of Leave No Trace protocol is to move at least 300 feet from the trail and bury your waste in a six to eight inch hole dug with as little impact to the top soil as possible.  Carry out all toilet paper and feminine hygiene products in double wrapped plastic bags.

Menstruating women should wear tampons while hiking in bear country

Current Trail Updates & Closures On The AT

Current Trail Updates (Last updated 10/13/2011)
Hurricane Irene and Hurricane Lee
Two hurricanes in early September caused significant damage in some areas, including flooding and washed-out bridges and boardwalks. The most significant impacts were reported in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Vermont (where the Trail through the entire state has been closed), and Maine. Low-lying areas were hit hardest, and road access has been affected in some areas. Some temporary re-routes may be required. Carrying a map and compass is strongly recommended. We have listed closures and cautions we are aware of below, but please check local land-managing agencies website, trail club websites, and the Appalachian Trail Conservancy Facebook page before contemplating a hike, or contact an ATC office at www.appalachiantrail.org/locations.ATTN: THRU-HIKERS: If a section of the A.T. is closed or presents a serious safety hazard, hikers may take an alternative route or skip those sections entirely and can be still eligible to receive 2,000-miler status.
GEORGIA
Neels Gap to Jarrard Gap – Closure Ended
The closure order prohibiting camping along the AT expired 5/15/11. Camping is again permitted on the Appalachian Trail between Neels Gap and Jarrard Gap. Wildlife managers will closely monitor the area for bear activity to determine future management decisions. Visit the Chattahoochee-Oconee National Forest website alerts page or call (706)745-6928 for details.
The U.S. Forest Service advises backpackers to properly hang their food and scraps, and seriously consider the use of bear-proof food canisters. Bears in the area seem to have found ways to reach food hung by standard methods. For more information on hiking in bear country visit the black bears section of our website.
NORTH CAROLINA No updates at this time.
GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK The following shelters are closed due to bear activity.
•Spence Field
•Silers Bald
•Cosby Knob
Use caution at the following shelters:
•Mt. Collins
•Double Spring Gap
For a full list of closures and warnings throughout the park, click here.
Click herefor more information on black bears in the backcountry.
Clingmans Dome – Water update
Water is currently not available near the day-hiker parking lot, as page 36 of the 2010 Thru-Hikers' Companion indicates. Water can be purchased by the quart from a nearby store for $2. The store is open from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.
Newfound Gap – Water not available. The water system and drinking fountain are closed due to the potential for contamination by surface water. Bottled water may be available from the Great Smoky Mountains Association store at Clingmans Dome, which is open daily from 10:00 AM - 6:00 PM.
NORTH CAROLINA & TENNESSEE BORDER
Unaka Mountain – Relocation
Volunteers from TEHCC, ATC Konnarock Crew, Hard Core Crew, and student groups recently completed a series of relocations on the north side of Unaka Mountain.

TENNESSEE US 19E to Bishop Hollow – Relocation completed
A 0.7 mile relo in the section between US 19E and Bishop Hollow was completed in 2008. This relo moved the A.T. route away from both Bear Branch Road (where trash was frequently dumped) and a steep drainage and onto a sidehill grade with nice views of the Roan Highlands.
SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA Grindstone Campground
Grindstone Campground now open.
Mt. Rogers – Vehicle break-ins and thefts
The Trail between Damascus and VA Rt. 16 at Mt. Rogers NRA Headquarters has a long history of vehicle break-ins and thefts.
CENTRAL VIRGINIA Va. 621, Craig Creek Valley north to Dragons Tooth – Fire Damage
Fire damage from the February 2011 Pickle Branch Fire may be visible in this area. As always, hikers are encouraged to stay on established trails, particularly in the burned areas.
Dragons Tooth – VANDALISM ALERT
In late July 2010, several cars were reported vandalized at the Rt. 311 parking area for the Dragons Tooth side trail.
Rockfish Gap – VANDALISM ALERT
In late July, a hiker's vehicle was reportedly broken into at the Rockfish Gap parking area located on the Skyline Drive just north of I-64.
SHENANDOAH NATIONAL PARK Gravel Springs Gap north to Compton Gap - Fire Damage
Fire damage from the February 2011 Smith Run Fire may be visible in this area. As always, hikers are encouraged to stay on established trails, particularly in the burned areas.
Shenandoah National Park has lifted its temporary camping closure at Bearfence Mtn Hut. Bearfence Mtn Hut is open to camping. Bearfence Mtn Hut is .7 miles north of Lewis Mtn. Campground. Lewis Mtn Campground is at Skyline Drive mile post 57.6. Please use available food storage devices or hang food, garbage, scented items, etc., 12 feet from the ground and 6 feet out from a limb or trunk.
NORTHERN VIRGINIA 522/Chester Gap parking – Trailhead vandalism.
Every window in 2 cars smashed. There was no history of vandalism recent prior to this incident, and none reported since. (Potomac A.T. Club 8/17/11)
WEST VIRGINIA Keys Gap – VANDALISM ALERT
This parking area, located on Rt. 9 at the Virginia-West Virginia state line, has a long history of break-ins and vandalism. To promote the security of Trail users and assist law enforcement, camping is now prohibited within the 1.5 mile section from WV Rt. 9 north to the powerline cut, and within 0.5 mile south of Rt. 9. Leaving cars in the Keys Gap parking area overnight is not recommended; suggestions for vehicle security can be found on Parking & Transportation
MARYLAND Crampton Gap Shelter spring is dry. Water is available at Gathland State Park from a spigot by the restrooms, 0.4 south of the shelter side trail. (8/1/11)
Dahlgren Campground – Bear activity
Hikers have reported food supplies stolen by a bear at the Dahlgren Backpacker Campground. South Mountain SP has also noted other reports of bear problems in the area. Although black bears have not historically posed much of a problem to hikers in Maryland, they are out there and are now being seen more frequently. Read our recommendations for wildlife safety.
Raven Rock Shelter – Shelter open
Raven Rock Shelter is OPEN. Access to the new shelter is on the west side of the A.T., just a few feet south of the access to the old Devil’s Racecourse Shelter. The water source is a spring located 0.3 miles east from the A.T. (on the blue-blazed trail to the old shelter/Ritchie Road).

PENNSYLVANIA Pine Grove Furnace State Park – New parking rules
Pine Grove Furnace State Park requires that hikers check in with the park office before leaving a vehicle in the park and that vehicles be left for no more than one week.
Pine Grove Furnace State Park, PA. The Ironmasters Mansion hostel has reopened for business, but note that the doors are locked from 9 a.m. – 5 p.m. daily.
The ATC Mid-Atlantic Regional Office – Pay phone removed
A payphone on the porch of the Appalachian Trail Conservancy Mid-Atlantic Regional Office has been removed by the phone company.
Boiling Springs, PA – The long-term parking lot will be closed for resurfacing sometime after July 15, 2011. Contact the Mid-Atlantic ATC office well in advance for updates and possible alternatives

Cumberland Valley- flooding reported during Hurricane Lee but water has receded.
Clarks Ferry Bridge (the highway bridge over the Susquehanna River that also carries the A.T.) – reopened (ATC 9/12/11)Trout Run (about a mile south of Swatara Gap) – Possibly hazardous conditions. (Swatara Gap State Park 9/12/11)Swatara State Park A.T. bridge -- sustained some minor damage, but appears to be okay for pedestrians. (Swatara Gap State Park 9/12/11)
Darlington Shelter – Spring unreliable
The spring serving as the water source near the Darlington Shelter is known to be unreliable. An alternate water source is a more reliable spring located 1 mile south of the shelter.
Part. 309 – VANDALISM ALERT
Two attempted vehicle break-ins have been reported for the Rt. 309 parking lot: one in June 2008, and more recently in July 2009. Suggestions for vehicle security can be found on Getting to the Trail.
Palmerton – Temporary relocation
Zinc smelting plants (now shut down) in Palmerton have left Blue Mountain nearly devoid of vegetation in the Lehigh Gap area. A long-term remediation project was begun in March of 2008.
Lehigh Gap – Temporary relocation and side trail closure
The National Park Service, in partnership with the Federal Highway Administration, began a slope stabilization project in mid-July 2010 on the east side of Lehigh Gap. As a result, a temporary relocation will be put in place for the A.T. where it passes through Lehigh Gap and the blue blaze Winter Trail is closed. Additionally, the east Lehigh Gap parking area is open for day use only; overnight parking is available at the west Lehigh Gap parking area. The National Park Service asks that hikers be alert to construction activities while in the area. For additional project information, please visit the following link:www.nps.gov/appa/parkmgmt/publicinvolvement.htm
Delaware Water Gap NRA: Hurricane Irene Closures
The A.T. is open; a listing of facilities and other trails that are open ca be found at: www.nps.gov/dewa/parknews/newsreleases.htm (9/7/11)

NEW JERSEY Post-Irene Trail Updates - www.nynjtc.org/news/postirene-message-hikers-trail-maintainers
Long House Creek Bridge (near Bearfort Mountain/Greenwood Lake) -- washed out. (NYNJTC report 9/3/11)Heading trail north: At Long House Road (1.4 north of Warwick Turnpike, last paved road in NJ), turn right. Follow Long House Road for about .7, turn left on Riverside Road. Follow Riverside Road for about .9. Riverside Road is paved for the first .5, dirt/gravel (closed to vehicles) for the remainder. Rejoin A.T. at .9, turn right, going uphill.
Trail Re-opening: The closed section of A.T. in Stokes State Forest and the Gren Anderson Shelter in New Jersey have re-opened. (9/11/11)
Mohican Outdoor Center - Re-opened. (10/2/11)
High Point State Park – New overnight hiker parking area
High Point State Park has moved the overnight hiker parking area to a larger and flatter paved lot 0.2 mile further east on NJ Rt. 23. The new parking area, marked by a sign, is on the south side of Rt. 23 and is connected to the A.T. via a 0.25 mile side trail, a portion of which utilizes the red-blazed Iris Trail. A free permit from the High Point SP office is required for overnight parking.Wallkill River National Wildlife Refuge (north of Unionville, NY) -- under water. (NYNJTC report 9/3/11)Pochuck Boardwalk Closed
In the Vernon Township between Pochuck Mountain and Wawayanda Mountain is underwater and closed. The A.T. here will revert to its former route—a roadwalk around the Pochuck Swamp. (ATC report 9/1/11)Black Creek Bridge (near Canal Road) -- closed. (NYNJTC report 9/3/11)Wawayanda Shelter – Relocation
The route of the A.T. was recently changed through the area around Wawayanda Shelter.

NEW YORK Post-Irene Trail Updates - www.nynjtc.org/news/postirene-message-hikers-trail-maintainers
Bear Mountain State Park
–
Re-opened Sept 2.
Swamp River Bridge is back in place - The Swamp River Bridge has been floated back up stream and set back on its footings. This means the A.T. in the Pawling area is fully open and a detour is no longer necessary. (NYNJTC report 9/4/11)
Little Dam Lake – Little Dam Bridge collapsed
Little Dam Bridge, just south of Little Dam Lake, 3 miles west (or Trail south) of NY 17 and the NY Thruway, has collapsed. A crew from the New York-New Jersey Trail Conference has installed step stones. These were reported submerged under fast-flowing water 9/8/11
West Mountain – VANDALISM ALERT
On West Mountain, 0.75 mile south of Seven Lakes Drive, volunteers of the NY-NJ Trail Conference have installed stone steps, placed scree stone and brush to the sides, and slightly altered the alignment of the treadway three times since 2007, in an effort to rehabilitate tread that had become eroded and widened. Vandals have undone the work of the volunteers every time, most recently between November 2009 and May 2010. The vandals have been removing brush, scraping out blazes, dislodging steps and displacing scree stone into the area where steps were installed. Anyone who may have seen this activity or witnesses it in the future is asked to immediately contact the NY-NJ Trail Conference (info@nynjtc.org, (201) 512-9348) or the Appalachian Trail Conservancy (incident@appalachiantrail.org, (304) 535-6331).
Bear Mountain – Relocation
Parts of a planned three-mile relocation of the A.T. over Bear Mountain have been opened to the public. Hikers should pay close attention to blazing in the area. Work on the remainder of this relocation and restoration of the old route and social trails in the area will continue.
Cat Rocks to Telephone Pioneers Shelter – Relocation
Volunteers from the New York-New Jersey Trail Conference have recently completed a short relo between Cat Rocks and Telephone Pioneers Shelter. This relo adds switchbacks to a steep hill, and has increased the distance of this section by 0.2 mile.
CONNECTICUT “River Walk” along the Housatonic River -- impassable (north of Kent between “South Gate” and “Swift’s Bridge”/Dawn Hill Road). This entire section is to be avoided. (AMC-CT 9/12/11)
Macedonia Brook (just north of Conn. 341/Kent) - very high. Although the bridge is intact, the open fields are somewhat flooded, particularly on the north side. (AMC-CT 9/12/11)Guinea Brook (just north of Conn. 4/Cornwall Bridge) -- detour required. Stepping stones at Guinea Brook crossing (immediately north of Conn. 4) have washed away, creating hazardous conditions. Use the “high water bypass” or the Mohawk Trail, or continue S on RT 4 to the Breadloaf Mountain parking area, take blue trail to rejoin AT. (AMC-CT 9/12/11)Significant erosion has been reported in Connecticut, most notably north of Hatch Brook.(AMC-CT 9/12/11)Falls Village Trail N of the Falls Village ‘iron bridge” to the Great Falls parking area -- flooded. Use Housatonic River Road. (AMC-CT 9/12/11)Brassie Brook - usually three small stream crossings, reportedly now is one large one. (AMC-CT 9/12/11)Sages Ravine Campsite -- The bridge crossing to campsite is out. It is possible to ford the stream into the campsite. The crossing at the “State line” is possible, but requires fording. At both locations, the current has been reported as being very strong. (AMC-CT 9/12/11)

MASSACHUSETTS Overall – The A.T. in Massachusetts is generally in good shape in the wake of Hurricane Irene, with the exceptions noted below. Water is plentiful at all overnight sites (AMC Berkshire report 9/3/11)
Connecticut border to Jug End Trail - conditions between are not known first hand at this time, but probably not extensively damaged. (AMC Berkshire report 9/3/11)The Mt. Everett summit road - Closed at the lower gate until further notice. (AMC Berkshire report 9/3/11)
Jerusalem Road – VANDALISM ALERT
A car parked at this road crossing was found vandalized (windows smashed with rocks) on November 12. If possible, ask at Tyringham post office about potentially safer overnight parking nearby.
Sheffield, between Rt 7 and Kellogg Rd, trail is still under 10"-12" of water. Even though the river level has dropped, the adjacent land that the trail is on takes quite a while to drain. Recommend a road walk: (Northbounders): South on Rt 7 to Kellogg Rd, East on Kellogg to T-intersection with Boardman St. AT continues East (Northbound) up the hill from this intersection. (9/3/11)Wilcox South Shelter has a 3" hole in the roof. Repairs expected as soon as weather conditions allow. Shelter is still useable, as is the smaller historic shelter at the same overnight site. (9/3/11)Connecticut border to Jug End Trail conditions between are not known first hand at this time, but probably not extensively damaged. The Mt Everett summit road is closed at the lower gate until further notice.Water is plentiful at all overnight sites.

VERMONT Green Mountain National Forest CLOSED Due to the extensive damage caused by Hurricane Irene, the Green Mountain National Forest (GMNF) has been CLOSED until further notice. This closure covers the entire A.T. through Vermont (except for the northernmost section through the town of Norwich) and order prohibits the public, including A.T. thru-hikers, from going into or being upon any part of the Green Mountain National Forest. Fines could be issued for violation of this order.
For the most up to date information on the status of the closure, click here.
NEW HAMPSHIRE White Mountains National Forest:
While the Forest opened on August 29, certain areas, roads, sites, or trails will remain closed due to hazardous conditions, high water, wash outs, unsafe bridges or other impediments as a result of Hurricane Irene. Heed signing and visitwww.fs.fed.us/r9/forests/white_mountain/conditions/index.php and http://www.outdoors.org/ for updates. More updates from hikers may be available at http://www.trailsnh.com/.
Visitors who choose to recreate after heavy rains should expect to encounter hazardous conditions. Heavy rains can create swollen rivers and streams. Some trails may be impassable due to high water. Never enter high water areas or approach fast moving water. Keep your distance. Turn back if necessary.
Highland Lodge – Bretton Wood, NH
Re-opened 8/31, but access will be limited to the Twin Mountain/Bretton Woods side (via Route 302 from the West) for the foreseeable future due to extensive damage to Route 302 east of Highland Lodge in Crawford Notch State Park.
Cascade Brook Bridge out
The bridge on the A.T. (also known as the Cascade Brook Trail) over Cascade Brook was washed out during a spring 2011 flood. A short distance upstream from the former bridge site there is a rock hop crossing suitable at low to moderate water levels.
During high water, the rock hop crossing is not safe and hikers should seek alternate routes. For northbounders, it is recommended to leave the A.T. at Lonesome Lake and take the blue-blazed Lonesome Lake trail to the Pemi Trail (at the Lafayette place campground) and rejoin the A.T. just before going under Franconia Parkway (I-93/NH Rt.3). For southbounders, take the Pemi Trail after going under the Parkway to the Lonesome Lake Trail.
See the A.T. New Hampshire-Vermont guidebook and map #3 or AMCís White Mountain Guide and Franconia-Pemigewasset map #2.
MAINE Access to Mt. Abraham - The Rapid Stream road into Abraham from Kingfield is gone, it is being repaired only to the last house which is 3 miles short of the trailhead, the twin bridges are gone too. (MATC report 9/3/11)

Between Mt. Abraham and Spaulding Mtn. – Numerous blowdowns (MATC report 9/3/11)
Carrabasset River – the plank across the river is gone. (MATC report 9/3/11)Caribou Valley Road – status unknown, but presumed closed given conditions nearby. (MATC report 9/3/11)Rt.27 -- closed due to two bridges that are either side of the Sugarloaf access road. DOT expects to have it open sometime the week of Sept 12. (MATC report 9/3/11)Kennebec Ferry Service - which had been shut down due to high water, was restored on of 9/9/11.Moxie Pond (Baker Stream) – Hikers reported unable to cross due to high water (9/8/11)

W and E Branches of the Piscataquis River – Hikers reported unable to cross due to high water (9/8/11)

Gulf Hagas side trail – Footbridge washed out
The Gulf Hagas Brook bridge was washed out by spring high water. This does not affect the A.T. itself, but does affect access to a popular side trail. A replacement bridge will likely not be installed until fall (at the earliest). Until the bridge is replaced, hikers using the Gulf Hagas side trail will need to wade across the brook. Please cross at the designated ford rather than trampling brush up and down the banks of the stream.Baxter State Park – Hurricane Irene closures Currently, all Park campsites and trails are open. Scattered downed trees and standing water may be encountered on Park trails. More information is available at http://www.baxterstateparkauthority.com/.
 

Warning To Tourist And To Hikers And Backpackers About Wildlife

Smoky Mountain Wildlife Should Be Respected

When visiting the Great Smoky Mountain National Park, be sure not to approach any of the wildlife too closely. GSMNP officials prohibit crowding, harassing and feeding wildlife in any part of the park. This they do to preserve a safe environment for the animals as well as a safe vacation for the Smokies tourists.

As a rule of thumb, if your presence in Cades Cove is altering an animals behavior, you are too close to that animal. This is never truer than when viewing the Smoky Mountain Black Bear. The Smokies bears are NOT pets, trained bears or well fed zoo animals. They are wild and only come out of their hiding places when they are hungry. Though park bears may appear cute and cuddly, even friendly at times, they also are capable of acting with aggression with lightning speed. Smoky Mountain black bears are omnivores eating mainly plant material, but they also eat animals and on rare occasions humans. Given the number of visitors to the Great Smoky Mountain National Park bear injuries are rare however bear related injuries do occur every year in the Great Smoky Mountain National Park. Given that fact and coupled with the recent bear related death in the park, it is wise to enjoy the bears briefly if you see them but watch from a safe distance or from the safety of your car. The woman who was recently killed by a mother bear and cub was found to have pictures to the offending bears in her camera. So again, enjoy the animals in Cades Cove and take comfort that they rarely attack humans, but at the same time respect their wildness and neither crowd nor feed them.

Use Of Bear Pepper Spray In The Great Smoky Mountains ( GSMNP )

The Use Of Bear Spray In The Great Smoky Mountains

Bear pepper spray may be carried by hikers within Great Smoky Mountains National Park for the strict purpose of protection against bodily harm from aggressive wildlife. It should not be applied to people, tents, packs, other equipment or surrounding area as a repellent. Bear pepper spray is a chemical formula designed specifically to deter aggressive or attacking bears. It must be commercially manufactured and labeled as “Bear Pepper Spray" and be registered with the Environmental Protection Agency and individual states. Bear spray must contain between 1% to 2% of the active ingredients capsaicin and related capsaicinoids.


Here is a video of the affect of pepper spray to a bear

Snow In The Great Smoky Mountains On Oct 1, 2011 ?

Well the old saying goes if you dont like the weather in East Tennessee just stick around it will change in 30 minutes ! This is so true : I went on a hike to Mt. LeConte on 10-01-11 via Rainbow Falls trail . The day started out cloudy and around 48 degrees when i started on the way up i saw 3 bears ( Mother and her 2 cubs ) which was really strange most mothers are very protective of their cubs and will stand up to show their size to scare anything away from their babies but she just looked up and went back to looking for food.

 The rest of the hike was very peaceful a lot of very nice and talkative people out this day . Some were just going to rainbow falls and others was going all the way to Mt. LeConte. As i got closer and closer to the turn at Bull Run/ Rainbow Falls the temperature started to really drop by the time i got to the lodge it was 26 the high for the entire day was 28 that day . Here are some pictures for all to enjoy ( I as always I hope you do )

Hikers Bear Warnings As Of 10-09-11 In The GSMNP

Bear Warnings - areas where bears are active.

• Alum Cave Trail
• Anthony Creek Trail
• Clingmans Dome Trail
• Trillium Gap Trail - Grotto Falls parking area to Grotto Falls
• Laurel Falls Trail
• Little River Trail
• Pretty Hollow Gap Trail
• Rainbow Falls Trail
• Ramsey Cascades Trail
• Forney Ridge Trail - upper section
• Backcountry Campsites 18, 21, 24, 28, 36, 37, 38, 61, 85
• Cosby Knob Shelter
• Double Spring Gap Shelter
• Laurel Gap Shelter
• Mount Collins Shelter
• Mount Le Conte Shelter
• Silers Bald Shelter
• Spence Field Shelter
• Anthony Creek Horse Camp
• Meigs Creek Trail and Meigs Mountain Trail
• Appalachian Trail near Tri Corner Shelter

Bear Closures
• Backcountry Campsites 35, 68

Backcountry Facilities

For current backcountry trail and campsite information call (865) 436-1297 or (865) 436-1231. Please note these numbers are for backcountry trail and campsite information only.

Hikers Bear Warning

This is a warning to all hikers that are hiking The Meigs Creek Trail and The Meigs Mountain trail at The Sinks . I was hiking these trails yesterday when i was coming back down Meigs Creeks Trail when i come upon a bear right at one of the creek crossings . I believe both was surprised needless to say he ran back up the mountain and I continued on hiking back to the sinks. Just wanted to make all hikers aware that bears were active on these trails .


Meigs Creek Trail
About 3.5 miles from the Sinks to a four way intersection with Lumber Ridge Trail, Meigs Mountain Trail, and an unmarked Spruce Flats Falls Trail at Buckhorn Gap

Meigs Creek
Location: Great Smoky Mts National Park, TN
Map: USGS Wear Cove quad b
Trailhead: UTM NAD83 z17 259029e 3950521n 1557’
Access: From Townsend, take TN-73 southeast about 3.5 miles into Great Smoky Mts National Park, and take the first right after you enter the park on Little River Rd, heading towards Gatlinburg. Head east 6 miles to the Sinks. Trailhead is located behind the Sinks.
Trail: 3.2 miles, 848’ gain to junction with Lumber Ridge Tr
Fees: None
Dogs: Not allowed

Bear Closures In The Great Smoky Mountains ( Hikers Be Aware )

This is a warning to backpackers and hikers in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park about all the Bear Activity here lately and the resent attacks out west people need to be more aware of the bears and where they have been sighted .

Warning: Due to a shortage of wild foods such as berries this year, bears have been approaching visitors challenging them for food. Do not feed bears!
Use extreme caution when you see a bear - they are dangerous and unpredictable. Do not approach bears or allow them to approach you!
Backcountry campers: store all gear, including backpacks, on the food storage cables when not in use. Day hikers: never abandon food or a backpack while taking a break - a bear may steal it.
 
Warning: Due to a shortage of wild foods such as berries this year, bears have been approaching visitors challenging them for food. Do not feed bears!
Use extreme caution when you see a bear - they are dangerous and unpredictable. Do not approach bears or allow them to approach you!
Backcountry campers: store all gear, including backpacks, on the food storage cables when not in use. Day hikers: never abandon food or a backpack while taking a break - a bear may steal it.

Bears in the park are wild and their behavior is sometimes unpredictable. Although extremely rare, attacks on humans have occurred, inflicting serious injuries and death. Treat bear encounters with extreme caution and follow these guidelines:
If you see a bear remain watchful. Do not approach it. If your presence causes the bear to change its behavior (stops feeding, changes its travel direction, watches you, etc.)-you're too close. Being too close may promote aggressive behavior from the bear such as running toward you, making loud noises, or swatting the ground. The bear is demanding more space. Don't run, but slowly back away, watching the bear. Try to increase the distance between you and the bear. The bear will probably do the same.
If a bear persistently follows or approaches you, without vocalizing, or paw swatting, try changing your direction. If the bear continues to follow you, stand your ground. If the bear gets closer, talk loudly or shout at it. Act aggressively and try to intimidate the bear. Act together as a group if you have companions. Make yourselves look as large as possible (for example, move to higher ground). Throw non-food objects such as rocks at the bear. Use a deterrent such as a stout stick. Don't run and don't turn away from the bear. Don't leave food for the bear; this encourages further problems.
Most injuries from black bear attacks are minor and result from a bear attempting to get at people's food. If the bear's behavior indicates that it is after your food and you're physically attacked, separate yourself from the food and slowly back away.
If the bear shows no interest in your food and you're physically attacked, fight back aggressively with any available object--the bear may consider you as prey! Help protect others, report all bear incidents to a park ranger immediately. Above all, keep your distance from bears


 

Bears in the park are wild and their behavior is sometimes unpredictable. Although extremely rare, attacks on humans have occurred, inflicting serious injuries and death. Treat bear encounters with extreme caution and follow these guidelines:
If you see a bear remain watchful. Do not approach it. If your presence causes the bear to change its behavior (stops feeding, changes its travel direction, watches you, etc.)-you're too close. Being too close may promote aggressive behavior from the bear such as running toward you, making loud noises, or swatting the ground. The bear is demanding more space. Don't run, but slowly back away, watching the bear. Try to increase the distance between you and the bear. The bear will probably do the same.
If a bear persistently follows or approaches you, without vocalizing, or paw swatting, try changing your direction. If the bear continues to follow you, stand your ground. If the bear gets closer, talk loudly or shout at it. Act aggressively and try to intimidate the bear. Act together as a group if you have companions. Make yourselves look as large as possible (for example, move to higher ground). Throw non-food objects such as rocks at the bear. Use a deterrent such as a stout stick. Don't run and don't turn away from the bear. Don't leave food for the bear; this encourages further problems.
Most injuries from black bear attacks are minor and result from a bear attempting to get at people's food. If the bear's behavior indicates that it is after your food and you're physically attacked, separate yourself from the food and slowly back away.
If the bear shows no interest in your food and you're physically attacked, fight back aggressively with any available object--the bear may consider you as prey! Help protect others, report all bear incidents to a park ranger immediately. Above all, keep your distance from bears!

Below is the current list of trails, campsites and shelters with posted warnings. Further down is the list of bear closures:
• Alum Cave Trail
• Clingmans Dome Trail
• Trillium Gap Trail - Grotto Falls parking area to Grotto Falls
• Laurel Falls Trail
• Little River Trail
• Pretty Hollow Gap Trail
• Rainbow Falls Trail
• Upper Forney Ridge Trail
• Double Spring Gap Shelter
• Laurel Gap Shelter
• Mount Collins Shelter
• Mount Le Conte Shelter
• Spence Field Shelter
Bear Closures:
• Backcountry Campsites 21, 24, 35, 68
• Cosby Knob Shelter
• Silers Bald Shelter
• Backcountry Campsites 18, 28, 36, 37, 38, 61, 85